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在Linux下几款常用命令行工具简介 (持续更新) (基本的文件处理命令不算在内)

asuerhao posted @ 2012年4月01日 19:05 in 积累 with tags linux 命令行 工具 , 4383 阅读

1. aptitude

    Apt的高级版本,可以更加智能的帮你解决依赖问题, 用Apt无法解决的依赖问题可以尝试用它。

 

2. sdcv

    StarDict的命令行版, 命令后面直接跟单词列表就可以了. 支持单词以‘/’开头的模糊查询(Fuzzy Search)和以‘|’开头的全文查询(Full-test Search),还支持正则表达式中的‘?’和'*'. 不过好像查询结果条目过多的话会出现Bug,只能用'<Ctrl+Enter>'组合键确定输入.

示例:

$  #查询字典中所有以ove结尾的四个字符的单词.

sdcv '?ove'

Found 2 items, similar to ?ove.

0)CET4-->love

1)CET4-->move

Your choice[-1 to abort]: 1 <Ctrl+Enter>

-->CET4

-->love

[lʌv]

n. 爱,恋爱,爱情

vt. 爱,热爱,喜欢

.......

 

3. nmap

    端口扫描工具, 学习服务器搭建时经常用到. 专门用来扫描某主机所开放的端口,提供的服务,操作系统版本,所用的包过滤器和防火墙.

示例:

$ nmap localhost

Starting Nmap 5.21 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-04-01 18:07 CST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.00043s latency).
Not shown: 990 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn
445/tcp  open  microsoft-ds
631/tcp  open  ipp
902/tcp  open  iss-realsecure
3689/tcp open  rendezvous
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.13 seconds

 

4. nbtscan

    在学习Linux网络维护时用到的,用于查询网络中的NetBIOS信息. 它会尽量返回某一主机的IP地址, 计算机在网络中的名字MAC地址等信息.

示例:

btscan 192.168.1.29
Doing NBT name scan for addresses from 192.168.1.29
IP address       NetBIOS Name     Server    User               MAC address      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
192.168.1.29     SUBUNTU          <server>  SUBUNTU     00:00:00:00:00:00

 

5. bc

    一个任意精度的可编程的计算器工具.支持简单变量(simple variable)和数组(array), 支持算数运算, 赋值, 关系运算, 逻辑运算, 支持函数和控制结构.

示例:

$  #进制转换

$  echo 'obase=16; 255' | bc

FF

 

6. xdotool

    可以为键盘输入和鼠标动作进行编程,很好玩儿的一个工具.它可以帮你打游戏,帮你听网络公选课,帮你做所有需要鼠标或键盘去重复操作才能完成的无脑操作.

示例:

#  #让鼠标每隔一段时间便单击屏幕上某一特定区域,然后我的网络公选课程一晚就听完了.

$ cat MouseMotion.sh

#! /bin/bash

while (true)
do
    xdotool mousemove 50 50; xdotool click 1
    notify-send "下一部"
    echo -ne "$(date)\n" >> ~/xdot.log
    sleep $((30*60+$RANDOM%5*20))
done

 

7. xsel

    管理X的剪切板. X公有三个剪切板, 分别称为主(PRIMARY),次(SECONDARY)和CLIPBOARD,分别可以通过选项-p, -s, -b制定操作的剪切板.

示例:

$  #将字符串放入CLIPBOARD中:

$  echo -n 'I love you' | xsel -b

 

8. notify-send

    发送桌面提示,在Ubuntu下由libnotify-bin包提供.

示例:

notify-send '该睡觉了'

 

9. zenity

    显示GTK+风格的对话框.我们可以在脚本中使用zenity命令为用户展示一个交互的窗口,可以用来显示一个日历(返回用户选择的日期)、显示错误信息(返回真假)、显示文本输入对话框(返回用户输入文本)等等.你还可以通过一系列选项控制交互式窗口的样式.

示例:

$  #显示一个范围从0到10的标尺对话框

zenity --scale --title='标尺' --text='请选择' --min-value=0 --max-value=10

 

10. tee

    tee命令可以同时将标准输入写往文件和标准输出. 用awk或sed编辑文件时候, 配合tee命令可以直接修改原文件(类似sed的-i选项, 不过sed无法将结果再送到标准输出).

    示例:

$  seq 3 | tee hi

  1

  2

  3

$ cat hi | sed -e 1d | tee hi

  2

  3

$ cat hi

  2

  3

 

10.  screen

  远程登录Linux的时候是否觉得一个终端不够用? 这时您可以使用screen提供的虚拟终端功能, 在同一物理终端运行多个交互式Shell. 注意, screen没有类似emacs的分屏功能, 同一时刻它只能显示一个屏幕. 创建多个虚拟终端后, 您需要利用键绑定在不同终端间切换.

示例:

$  #创建一个执行'vi /etc/hosts'命令的虚拟终端:

$  screen vi /etc/hosts

$  #再次创建一个虚拟终端:

$  <Ctr-a> + c

$  #查看当前所有已创建的虚拟终端:

$ <Ctr-a> + "

$  #返回之前的虚拟终端:

$ <Ctr-a> + p

$  #进入下一个虚拟终端:

$  <Ctr-a> + n

  screen的选项和键绑定的详细情况请参照其手册页.

 

11. wget, axel

  命令行下载工具. wget仅支持HTTP, HTTPS和FTP协议. wget支持断线重连, 可在差网络环境下载大文件, 还可以追踪网页链接以复制整个网站. axel, 下载加速工具, 支持HTTP, HTTPS和FTP. axel通过打开多个链接将文件分段下载.

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依云 说:
2012年4月01日 19:53

你的网络公选课支持 Linux?真幸福。。。

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asuerhao 说:
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嗯,用支持JavaScript的浏览器看就行了,

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λ 说:
2012年4月02日 14:49

本来把StarDict删了用GoldenDict的,可惜GoldenDict没命令行模式,装了sdcv,不错~一下就找到以-gry结尾的第三个单词的答案

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